Ambient IoT: A missing link in 3GPP IoT Devices Landscape (2312.06569v1)
Abstract: Ambient internet of things (IoT) is the network of devices which harvest energy from ambient sources for powering their communication. After decades of research on operation of these devices, Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has started discussing energy harvesting technology in cellular networks to support massive deployment of IoT devices at low operational cost. This article provides a timely update on 3GPP studies on ambient energy harvesting devices including device types, use cases, key requirements, and related design challenges. Supported by link budget analysis for backscattering energy harvesting devices, which are a key component of this study, we provide insight on system design and show how this technology will require a new system design approach as compared to New Radio (NR) system design in 5G.
- “Market research on energy harvesting for IoT device,” Conflow Power group, London, Tech. Rep., 2020. [Online]. Available: https://assets.website-files.com/6225ec4d016842cb92d1e5d3/629151680aab9776a55aaad2_Conflow-Energy-Harvesting-Report.pdf
- S. Naser, L. Bariah, S. Muhaidatand, and E. Basar, “Zero-energy devices empowered 6G networks: Opportunities, key technologies, and challenges,” IEEE internet of things magazine, 2023.
- D. Ma, G. Lan, M. Hassan, W. Hu, and S. K. Das, “Sensing, computing, and communications for energy harvesting IoTs: A survey,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 1222–1250, 2020.
- Z. Wei, X. Yu, D. W. K. Ng, and R. Schober, “Resource allocation for simultaneous wireless information and power transfer systems: A tutorial overview,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 110, no. 1, pp. 127–149, 2022.
- O. L. A. López, H. Alves, R. D. Souza, S. Montejo-Sánchez, E. M. G. Fernández, and M. Latva-Aho, “Massive wireless energy transfer: Enabling sustainable IoT toward 6G era,” IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 8, no. 11, pp. 8816–8835, 2021.
- K. Tekbyk, D. Altinel, M. Cansiz, and G. K. Kurt, “Wireless Power Transmission on Martian Surface for Zero-Energy Devices,” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace Electronic Systems, vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 3870–3880, Oct. 2022.
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), RP-223396, “Ambient IoT (internet of things),” Tech. Rep., 2022. [Online]. Available: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/TSG_RAN/TSG_RAN/TSGR_98e/Docs/RP-223396.zip
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), TR 22.840, “Study on ambient power-enabled internet of things,” Tech. Rep., 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/22_series/22.840/22840-120.zip
- R. Ratasuk, N. Mangalvedhe, Y. Zhang, M. Robert, and J.-P. Koskinen, “Overview of narrowband iot in lte rel-13,” in IEEE Conference on Standards for Communications and Networking (CSCN), 2016.
- “5G reduced capability devices,” Nokia, Tech. Rep., May 2022. [Online]. Available: https://onestore.nokia.com/asset/212488?_ga=2.145096240.545018478.1690233441-1471620813.1690233441
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), TR 38.848, “Ambient IoT (internet of things) in RAN,” Tech. Rep., 2023. [Online]. Available: https://portal.3gpp.org/desktopmodules/Specifications/SpecificationDetails.aspx?specificationId=4146
- J. D. Griffin and G. D. Durgin, “Complete link budgets for backscatter-radio and RFID systems,” IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 11–25, 2009.
- J. Kimionis, A. Bletsas, and J. N. Sahalos, “Increased range bistatic scatter radio,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 1091–1104, 2014.
- M. M. Butt, N. Mangalvedhe, and R. Ratasuk, “Energy harvesting arrival aware joint sensing and transmission,” US Patent, 11,540,223,2022, Dec., 2022.
- N. C. Wu, M. A. Nystrom, T. R. Lin, and H. C. Yu, “Challenges to global RFID adoption,” in Technology Management for the Global Future - PICMET Conference, vol. 2, 2006, pp. 618–623.
Collections
Sign up for free to add this paper to one or more collections.
Paper Prompts
Sign up for free to create and run prompts on this paper using GPT-5.