SkyCharge: Deploying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Dynamic Load Optimization in Solar Small Cell 5G Networks

The power requirements posed by the fifth-generation and beyond cellular networks are an important constraint in network deployment and require energy-efficient solutions. In this work, we propose a novel user load transfer approach using airborne base stations (BS) mounted on drones for reliable and secure power redistribution across the micro-grid network comprising green small cell BSs. Depending on the user density and the availability of an aerial BS, the energy requirement of a cell with an energy deficit is accommodated by migrating the aerial BS from a high-energy to a low-energy cell. The proposed hybrid drone-based framework integrates long short-term memory with unique cost functions using an evolutionary neural network for drones and BSs and efficiently manages energy and load redistribution. The proposed algorithm reduces power outages at BSs and maintains consistent throughput stability, thereby demonstrating its capability to boost the reliability and robustness of wireless communication systems.