Global Momentum Estimation of an Electric Power System

This work presents a technique to estimate on-line the global momentum of an electric power system. It exploits the footprint of the principal frequency system dynamics. Probing tones are injected by a grid-forming converter-interfaced generator and the speed of its virtual rotor is exploited to extrapolate the footprint. The proposed technique is entirely data driven and thus it does not need any model of the power system. We show that the proposed technique is adequate to accurately estimate the actual global momentum contributed by synchronous machines and provided by the controllers of converter-interfaced generators that emulate the behavior of synchronous machines. The technique is comprehensively tested on a modified version of the IEEE 39-BUS system and a dynamic version of the IEEE 118-BUS system, containing grid forming converter interfaced generators.