Long-time error bounds of low-regularity integrators for nonlinear Schrödinger equations

We introduce a new non-resonant low-regularity integrator for the cubic nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) allowing for long-time error estimates which are optimal in the sense of the underlying PDE. The main idea thereby lies in treating the zeroth mode exactly within the discretization. For long-time error estimates, we rigorously establish the long-time error bounds of different low-regularity integrators for the nonlinear Schr\"odinger equation (NLSE) with small initial data characterized by a dimensionless parameter $\varepsilon \in (0, 1]$. We begin with the low-regularity integrator for the quadratic NLSE in which the integral is computed exactly and the improved uniform first-order convergence in $H^r$ is proven at $O(\varepsilon \tau)$ for solutions in $H^r$ with $r > 1/2$ up to the time $T{\varepsilon } = T/\varepsilon $ with fixed $T > 0$. Then, the improved uniform long-time error bound is extended to a symmetric second-order low-regularity integrator in the long-time regime. For the cubic NLSE, we design new non-resonant first-order and symmetric second-order low-regularity integrators which treat the zeroth mode exactly and rigorously carry out the error analysis up to the time $T{\varepsilon } = T/\varepsilon ^2$. With the help of the regularity compensation oscillation (RCO) technique, the improved uniform error bounds are established for the new non-resonant low-regularity schemes, which further reduce the long-time error by a factor of $\varepsilon^2$ compared with classical low-regularity integrators for the cubic NLSE. Numerical examples are presented to validate the error estimates and compare with the classical time-splitting methods in the long-time simulations.