On the parameterized complexity of symmetric directed multicut

Abstract: We study the problem Symmetric Directed Multicut from a parameterized complexity perspective. In this problem, the input is a digraph $D$, a set of cut requests $C={(s_1,t_1),\ldots,(s_\ell,t_\ell)}$ and an integer $k$, and the task is to find a set $X \subseteq V(D)$ of size at most $k$ such that for every $1 \leq i \leq \ell$, $X$ intersects either all $(s_i,t_i)$-paths or all $(t_i,s_i)$-paths. Equivalently, every strongly connected component of $D-X$ contains at most one vertex out of $s_i$ and $t_i$ for every $i$. This problem is previously known from research in approximation algorithms, where it is known to have an $O(\log k \log \log k)$-approximation. We note that the problem, parameterized by $k$, directly generalizes multiple interesting FPT problems such as (Undirected) Vertex Multicut and Directed Subset Feedback Vertex Set. We are not able to settle the existence of an FPT algorithm parameterized purely by $k$, but we give three partial results: An FPT algorithm parameterized by $k+\ell$; an FPT-time 2-approximation parameterized by $k$; and an FPT algorithm parameterized by $k$ for the special case that the cut requests form a clique, Symmetric Directed Multiway Cut. The existence of an FPT algorithm parameterized purely by $k$ remains an intriguing open possibility.