Differentially Private Nonparametric Regression Under a Growth Condition

Abstract: Given a real-valued hypothesis class $\mathcal{H}$, we investigate under what conditions there is a differentially private algorithm which learns an optimal hypothesis from $\mathcal{H}$ given i.i.d. data. Inspired by recent results for the related setting of binary classification (Alon et al., 2019; Bun et al., 2020), where it was shown that online learnability of a binary class is necessary and sufficient for its private learnability, Jung et al. (2020) showed that in the setting of regression, online learnability of $\mathcal{H}$ is necessary for private learnability. Here online learnability of $\mathcal{H}$ is characterized by the finiteness of its $\eta$-sequential fat shattering dimension, ${\rm sfat}<em>\eta(\mathcal{H})$, for all $\eta &gt; 0$. In terms of sufficient conditions for private learnability, Jung et al. (2020) showed that $\mathcal{H}$ is privately learnable if $$\lim</em>{\eta \downarrow 0} {\rm sfat}<em>\eta(\mathcal{H})$$ is finite, which is a fairly restrictive condition. We show that under the relaxed condition $$\lim \inf</em>{\eta \downarrow 0} \eta \cdot {\rm sfat}<em>\eta(\mathcal{H}) = 0$$, $\mathcal{H}$ is privately learnable, establishing the first nonparametric private learnability guarantee for classes $\mathcal{H}$ with ${\rm sfat}</em>\eta(\mathcal{H})$ diverging as $\eta \downarrow 0$. Our techniques involve a novel filtering procedure to output stable hypotheses for nonparametric function classes.