Breaking the $n^k$ Barrier for Minimum $k$-cut on Simple Graphs

Abstract: In the minimum $k$-cut problem, we want to find the minimum number of edges whose deletion breaks the input graph into at least $k$ connected components. The classic algorithm of Karger and Stein runs in $\tilde O(n<sup>{2k-2})$ time, and recent, exciting developments have improved the running time to $O(n<sup>k)$. For general, weighted graphs, this is tight assuming popular hardness conjectures. In this work, we show that perhaps surprisingly, $O(n<sup>k)$ is not the right answer for simple, unweighted graphs. We design an algorithm that runs in time $O(n<sup>{(1-\epsilon)k})$ where $\epsilon&gt;0$ is an absolute constant, breaking the natural $n<sup>k$ barrier. This establishes a separation of the two problems in the unweighted and weighted cases.