Proposition d'approches de déploiement des unités de bord de route dans les réseaux véhiculaires

Road Side Units (RSUs) have a crucial role in maintaining Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) connectivity and coverage, especially, for applications gathering or disseminating non-safety information. In big cities with complex road network topology, a huge number of costly RSUs must be deployed to collect data gathered by all moving vehicles. In this respect, several research works focusing on RSUs deployment have been proposed. The thriving challenge would be to (i) reduce the deployment cost by minimizing as far as possible the number of used RSUs; and (ii) to maximize the coverage ratio. In this thesis, we introduce a spatio-temporal RSU deployment framework including three methods namely SPaCov/SPaCov+, HeSPic and MIP. SPaCov starts by mining frequent mobility patterns of moving vehicles from their trajectories then it computes the best RSU locations that cover the extracted patterns. Nonetheless, SPaCov+ extracts the frequent mobility patterns as well as the rare ones to enhance the coverage ratio. HeSiC is a budget-constrained spatio-temporal coverage method that aims to maximize the coverage ratio subject to a budget constraint, which is defined in terms of RSUs number. MIP is a spatio-temporal coverage method that aims to finding representative transactions from the sequential database and computing coverage. Performed simulations highlight the efficiency and the effectiveness of the proposed RSU deployment framework in terms of coverage ratio, deployment cost, network latency and overhead.