Modeling and Analysis of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Indoor and Outdoor Applications in Future Wireless Networks

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication is one of the promising 6G technologies that allows the conversion of the wireless channel into an intelligent transmit entity by manipulating the impinging waves using man-made surfaces. In this paper, the potential benefits of using RISs are investigated for indoor/outdoor setups and various frequency bands (from sub 6 GHz to millimeter-waves). First, a general system model with a single RIS is considered and the effect of the total number of reflecting elements on the probabilistic distribution of the received signal-to-noise ratio and error performance is investigated under Rician fading. Also for this case, the path loss exponent is analyzed by considering empirical path loss models. Furthermore, transmission models with multiple RISs are developed and analyzed for indoor and outdoor non line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios. The conventional RIS selection strategies are also integrated for systems equipped with multiple RISs for the first time. Through extensive simulations, it is demonstrated that the RIS-assisted systems provide promising solutions for indoor/outdoor scenarios at various operating frequencies and exhibit significant results in error performance and achievable data rates even in the presence of system imperfections such as limited range phase adjustment and imperfect channel phase estimation at RISs.