Parameterized Complexity of Partial Scheduling

Abstract: We study a natural variant of scheduling that we call \emph{partial scheduling}: In this variant an instance of a scheduling problem along with an integer $k$ is given and one seeks an optimal schedule where not all, but only $k$ jobs, have to be processed. Specifically, we aim to determine the fine-grained parameterized complexity of partial scheduling problems parameterized by $k$ for all variants of scheduling problems that minimize the makespan and involve unit/arbitrary processing times, identical/unrelated parallel machines, release/due dates, and precedence constraints. That is, we investigate whether algorithms with runtimes of the type $f(k)n^{\mathcal{O}(1)}$ or $n^{\mathcal{O}(f(k))}$ exist for a function $f$ that is as small as possible. Our contribution is two-fold: First, we categorize each variant to be either in $\mathsf{P}$, $\mathsf{NP}$-complete and fixed-parameter tractable by $k$, or $\mathsf{W}[1]$-hard parameterized by $k$. Second, for many interesting cases we further investigate the run time on a finer scale and obtain run times that are (almost) optimal assuming the Exponential Time Hypothesis. As one of our main technical contributions, we give an $\mathcal{O}(8^kk(|V|+|E|))$ time algorithm to solve instances of partial scheduling problems minimizing the makespan with unit length jobs, precedence constraints and release dates, where $G=(V,E)$ is the graph with precedence constraints.