Path and Ancestor Queries on Trees with Multidimensional Weight Vectors

Abstract: We consider an ordinal tree $T$ on $n$ nodes, with each node assigned a $d$-dimensional weight vector $\pnt{w} \in {1,2,\ldots,n}<sup>d,$ where $d \in \mathbb{N}$ is a constant. We study path queries as generalizations of well-known {\textit{orthogonal range queries}}, with one of the dimensions being tree topology rather than a linear order. Since in our definitions $d$ only represents the number of dimensions of the weight vector without taking the tree topology into account, a path query in a tree with $d$-dimensional weight vectors generalize the corresponding $(d+1)$-dimensional orthogonal range query. We solve {\textit{ancestor dominance reporting}} problem as a direct generalization of dominance reporting problem, %in time $\O((\lg^{d-1} n)/(\lg\lg n)<sup>{d-2}+k)$ in time $\O(\lg<sup>{d-1}{n}+k)$ %and space of $\O(n(\lg n)^{d-1}/(\lg \lg n)<sup>{d-2})$ words, and space of $\O(n\lg<sup>{d-2}n)$ words, where $k$ is the size of the output, for $d \geq 2.$ We also achieve a tradeoff of $\O(n\lg<sup>{d-2+\eps}{n})$ words of space, with query time of $\O((\lg^{d-1} n)/(\lg\lg n)<sup>{d-2}+k),$ for the same problem, when $d \geq 3.$ We solve {\textit{path successor problem}} in $\O(n\lg<sup>{d-1}{n})$ words of space and time $\O(\lg<sup>{d-1+\eps}{n})$ for $d \geq 1$ and an arbitrary constant $\eps &gt; 0.$ We propose a solution to {\textit{path counting problem}}, with $\O(n(\lg{n}/\lg\lg{n})<sup>{d-1})$ words of space and $\O((\lg{n}/\lg\lg{n})<sup>{d})$ query time, for $d \geq 1.$ Finally, we solve {\textit{path reporting problem}} in $\O(n\lg<sup>{d-1+\eps}{n})$ words of space and $\O((\lg<sup>{d-1}{n})/(\lg\lg{n})<sup>{d-2}+k)$ query time, for $d \geq 2.$ These results match or nearly match the best tradeoffs of the respective range queries. We are also the first to solve path successor even for $d = 1$.