Balancing spreads of influence in a social network (1906.00074v1)

Abstract: The personalization of our news consumption on social media has a tendency to reinforce our pre-existing beliefs instead of balancing our opinions. This finding is a concern for the health of our democracies which rely on an access to information providing diverse viewpoints. To tackle this issue from a computational perspective, Garimella et al. (NIPS'17) modeled the spread of these viewpoints, also called campaigns, using the well-known independent cascade model and studied an optimization problem that aims at balancing information exposure in a social network when two opposing campaigns propagate in the network. The objective in their $NP$-hard optimization problem is to maximize the number of people that are exposed to either both or none of the viewpoints. For two different settings, one corresponding to a model where campaigns spread in a correlated manner, and a second one, where the two campaigns spread in a heterogeneous manner, they provide constant ratio approximation algorithms. In this paper, we investigate a more general formulation of this problem. That is, we assume that $\mu$ different campaigns propagate in a social network and we aim to maximize the number of people that are exposed to either $\nu$ or none of the campaigns, where $\mu\ge\nu\ge2$. We provide dedicated approximation algorithms for both the correlated and heterogeneous settings. Interestingly, for the heterogeneous setting with $\nu\ge 3$, we give a reduction leading to several approximation hardness results. Maybe most importantly, we obtain that the problem cannot be approximated within a factor of $n^{-g(n)}$ for any $g(n)=o(1)$ assuming Gap-ETH, denoting with $n$ the number of nodes in the social network. For $\nu \ge 4$, there is no $n^{-\epsilon}$-approximation algorithm if a certain class of one-way functions exists, where $\epsilon > 0$ is a given constant which depends on $\nu$.