Machine learning approaches in Detecting the Depression from Resting-state Electroencephalogram (EEG): A Review Study

In this paper, we aimed at reviewing several different approaches present today in the search for more accurate diagnostic and treatment management in mental healthcare. Our focus is on mood disorders, and in particular on the major depressive disorder (MDD). We are reviewing and discussing findings based on neuroimaging studies (MRI and fMRI) first to get the impression of the body of knowledge about the anatomical and functional differences in depression. Then, we are focusing on less expensive data-driven approach, applicable for everyday clinical practice, in particular, those based on electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Among those studies utilizing EEG, we are discussing a group of applications used for detecting of depression based on the resting state EEG (detection studies) and interventional studies (using stimulus in their protocols or aiming to predict the outcome of therapy). We conclude with a discussion and review of guidelines to improve the reliability of developed models that could serve improvement of diagnostic of depression in psychiatry.