Learning to Create and Reuse Words in Open-Vocabulary Neural Language Modeling (1704.06986v1)

Abstract: Fixed-vocabulary LLMs fail to account for one of the most characteristic statistical facts of natural language: the frequent creation and reuse of new word types. Although character-level LLMs offer a partial solution in that they can create word types not attested in the training corpus, they do not capture the "bursty" distribution of such words. In this paper, we augment a hierarchical LSTM LLM that generates sequences of word tokens character by character with a caching mechanism that learns to reuse previously generated words. To validate our model we construct a new open-vocabulary language modeling corpus (the Multilingual Wikipedia Corpus, MWC) from comparable Wikipedia articles in 7 typologically diverse languages and demonstrate the effectiveness of our model across this range of languages.