Upper bounds on quantum query complexity inspired by the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb tester

Abstract: Inspired by the Elitzur-Vaidman bomb testing problem [arXiv:hep-th/9305002], we introduce a new query complexity model, which we call bomb query complexity $B(f)$. We investigate its relationship with the usual quantum query complexity $Q(f)$, and show that $B(f)=\Theta(Q(f)<sup>2)$. This result gives a new method to upper bound the quantum query complexity: we give a method of finding bomb query algorithms from classical algorithms, which then provide nonconstructive upper bounds on $Q(f)=\Theta(\sqrt{B(f)})$. We subsequently were able to give explicit quantum algorithms matching our upper bound method. We apply this method on the single-source shortest paths problem on unweighted graphs, obtaining an algorithm with $O(n<sup>{1.5})$ quantum query complexity, improving the best known algorithm of $O(n^{{1.5}\sqrt{\log} n})$ [arXiv:quant-ph/0606127]. Applying this method to the maximum bipartite matching problem gives an $O(n<sup>{1.75})$ algorithm, improving the best known trivial $O(n<sup>2)$ upper bound.