An Algorithm for the Graph Crossing Number Problem

Abstract: We study the Minimum Crossing Number problem: given an $n$-vertex graph $G$, the goal is to find a drawing of $G$ in the plane with minimum number of edge crossings. This is one of the central problems in topological graph theory, that has been studied extensively over the past three decades. The first non-trivial efficient algorithm for the problem, due to Leighton and Rao, achieved an $O(n\log<sup>4n)$-approximation for bounded degree graphs. This algorithm has since been improved by poly-logarithmic factors, with the best current approximation ratio standing on $O(n \poly(d) \log<sup>{3/2}n)$ for graphs with maximum degree $d$. In contrast, only APX-hardness is known on the negative side. In this paper we present an efficient randomized algorithm to find a drawing of any $n$-vertex graph $G$ in the plane with $O(OPT^{10}\cdot \poly(d \log n))$ crossings, where $OPT$ is the number of crossings in the optimal solution, and $d$ is the maximum vertex degree in $G$. This result implies an $\tilde{O}(n^{9/10} \poly(d))$-approximation for Minimum Crossing Number, thus breaking the long-standing $\tilde{O}(n)$-approximation barrier for bounded-degree graphs.